How should a nurse rewarm frostbitten toes?

Rewarming frostbitten toes using a continuous warm-water bath is the appropriate method because this approach provides consistent and controlled rewarming that helps to restore blood flow to the affected areas. Warm water, ideally between 98.6°F to 104°F (37°C to 40°C), promotes gradual rewarming, which is critical in avoiding further tissue damage that can occur from rapid temperature changes.

By immersing the frostbitten toes in warm water, the nurse facilitates the thawing process and reduces the risk of complications associated with improper rewarming, such as frostbite progression or increased pain. The warmth helps to alleviate numbness and discomfort, enhancing the patient’s overall recovery experience.

In contrast, using a heating lamp or wrapping the toes in thick blankets might lead to uneven heat distribution, which can cause burns or overheating in some areas while leaving others inadequately warmed. Soaking in cold water would further exacerbate the problem, as cold would not only fail to restore blood flow but could potentially compound the tissue damage. Hence, a continuous warm-water bath remains the safest and most effective method for treating frostbite.