What is the most common abnormality found in patients with chronic kidney disease?

In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), anemia is the most common abnormality due to several interrelated factors stemming from the deterioration of kidney function. The kidneys produce erythropoietin (EPO), a hormone critical for stimulating the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow. As kidney function declines, the production of EPO also decreases, leading to a reduction in red blood cell formation and subsequently resulting in anemia.

Additionally, CKD can cause other contributing factors such as reduced iron availability due to poor absorption, inflammation, and the accumulation of uremic toxins, which can further suppress erythropoiesis. Anemia in CKD is not merely a result of decreased EPO but also involves other mechanisms, such as decreased red blood cell lifespan and mineral deficiencies.

While patients with CKD often also experience other related complications, such as hypertension and disturbances in mineral metabolism (which can lead to osteoporosis), anemia stands out as one of the most prevalent and clinically significant manifestations of this condition. Addressing anemia is crucial in managing CKD, as it can significantly impact the quality of life and overall health of patients.