What is the most common cause of hypertension in adults?

Essential (primary) hypertension is indeed the most common cause of hypertension in adults, accounting for about 90-95% of all cases. It is characterized by elevated blood pressure without an identifiable secondary cause. This type of hypertension typically arises from a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors, such as obesity, lack of physical activity, high sodium intake, and stress. Since it is multifactorial, it does not stem from another condition but rather develops on its own over time, making it the predominant form of hypertension seen in the adult population.

In contrast, secondary hypertension (another potential answer) refers to high blood pressure that is a result of another underlying medical condition, such as kidney disease or hormonal disorders, which only account for a smaller percentage of hypertension cases. While renal disease and hormonal imbalances can certainly lead to elevated blood pressure, they are considered specific causes rather than the primary type that exists widely across the population. The prevalence of essential hypertension highlights the need for public health initiatives focused on lifestyle modifications and regular screenings to manage risk factors effectively.