What is the primary treatment for a patient diagnosed with hyperthyroidism?

The primary treatment for hyperthyroidism involves either antithyroid medications or radioactive iodine therapy. These options specifically target the underlying issue of excessive thyroid hormone production by inhibiting thyroid function or selectively destroying overactive thyroid cells.

Antithyroid medications, such as methimazole or propylthiouracil, work by blocking the synthesis of thyroid hormones, leading to a reduction in their levels in the bloodstream. This helps alleviate symptoms associated with hyperthyroidism, such as rapid heartbeat, weight loss, and anxiety.

Radioactive iodine therapy involves administering radioactive iodine, which is taken up by the thyroid gland. The radioactive particles then destroy the overactive thyroid tissue, effectively lowering hormone production over time. This method is particularly useful for patients who may not respond well to medication or who prefer a more definitive treatment.

In contrast, other treatment options listed may be used in specific situations or as adjuncts to the primary therapies. For example, beta-blockers can help manage symptoms like heart palpitations and anxiety but do not address the overproduction of thyroid hormone. Surgery, while sometimes indicated, is generally reserved for cases where medication or radioactive iodine is not suitable or effective, such as large goiters or in cases of malignancy. Cortic